مجله منظر
پیاپی 11 (آذر 1389)

One of the wonderful talents of human is to understand rational ideas and concepts. The thinking ability has made the understanding possible for humans and understanding has also provided the ability to interpret the world. Natural phenomena and human artifacts are objects that in each level of realization levels, has opened the interpretation field too. Urban planning and urbanism is the historical visualization of life and living experience which like an anatomic figure shows the spiritual and physical rush of mankind. In the hermeneutics attitude city as an interpretable context is the expression of his social life that shows the spiritual life of human societies in addition to functional aspects. Form and shape of the city is composed of sign textures which have a linguistic nature. Shape of the city can be interpreted as a meaningful shape. In this discussion, hermeneutics is the science of interpreting city indications in order to obtain their meanings. Science of Hermeneutics and semiotics is an effective tool to understand the form and content through the analysis of urban landscape signs.

Tehran is one of the largest metropolitan cities in the world that suffers from Irregularity due to nonconformity in the old and new structure. identity factors within the city that have been constant for decades have been faded from public memory among industrial, social and political evolution that had leaded to the interruption in the culture of society. One of these factors is urban edge that has close relationship with urban landscape of city. The current approach to the urban edge in Tehran is merely objective and physical and that is why many of urban edges in Tehran have been destroyed. While urban edges are one of the most important factors of Recognition of the city among public mind. The intention of this paper is to analyze and evaluate different aspects and capacities of urban edges of Tehran through Theoretical knowledge of landscape design and definition of urban edge.

Street is one of the living spaces of the society which is lost in the physical approach to city although it is considered as the main element to perceive the city. Urban landscape is a knowledge that assumes the street (not its buildings) as one of the main factors qualifying the city. During the past three decades the Enghelab (Revolution) Street has attracted the urban management’s attention, as one of the most important axes of Tehran. But classical approaches to organize the framework couldn’t reach the expected quality.

This is Tehran. A treasure collected in two hundred years of modern age civilization and it is difficult to keep a clear, nostalgic, memorable image of this city in mind, as it deserves. Tehran appearance is formed with profit-seeking standards. Substantiality and the composition of building masses which is a part of the morphology of the city can be studied as the “Urban Plastic”. This article investigates the urban plastic of Tehran and introduces the perceptions emerged from it.

Transformation of village to the city, as a metamorphosis in human settlements, is the major challenges of urbanization, especially in developing countries. Nowadays, the excessive extension of metropolises like Tehran, cause damage of tissue and the organization of urban space. Inhabitants of the intermediate tissue to find peace and comfort have provided for residency, at the outer tissues, valleys, areas with good weather around towns and villages surrounding the urban fabric. This leaded to the destruction of gardens, trees and original nature of urban and rural landscapes. The exhilaration and vitality of urban areas will have been vanished and lack of attention to this process will be lead to deterioration and destruction of the natural substrate. If we not considering these spaces and not protect the environment and natural ecology, we will be unable to retain old days and memories of the rural areas, which made part of our identity. In this regard, villages which were on the margins of towns and after the physical expansion of cities, they remain originally and continue their lives in the heart of the city, have called rural-city (in cities rural area). Adopt methods and policies which can create a strong link between rural and urban context, and also can promote environmental quality and texture while protecting traditional and natural tissue of villages, is important. Revive the Rural-City as the target areas of urban tourism, can be favorable atmosphere for the citizens which were tired of mechanical living.

Urban landscape can be considered in three approach, functional, identity, and aesthetic. In this research aesthetical aspect of tall buildings in urban landscape is considered. The aim of this research is cognition of public preferences about tall buildings according aesthetic approach. Aesthetic approach in this research is considered in tow aspects, physical and symbolic. Physical aspect is considered according formal attributes and symbolic aspects is considered according historic, meaningful and cultural attributes. According findings in this research, public preferences about tall buildings in urban landscape is depend on 1- position of building 2- construction quality 3- symbolic hints, in respectively.

Tehran is known as an irregular city which is not only polluted, but also unsafe and inhospitable. The happiness of city public places is mostly the result of accessibility and activities related to it. Some fundamental features should be available in the Physics of city so that it can be elected by people as a place for meetings and friendly gatherings. According to Tehran poverty of public and collective spaces, parks are of the few existing potentials to promote the quality of urban space which unfortunately in some cases have turned into undesirable areas for citizens but safe for offenders because of negligence in planning and incorrect designing. Laleh Park is one of these cases. This article deals with this issue entitled as “obstruction of view” and tries to make a suggestion for reform the current status by describing one of the successful experiences of the world.

writers and novelists are enlightened members of the society as a matter of fact they are their societies Language. thus, their letters are advantageous sources to comprehend environment, landscape and culture. This paper is trying to find out and mention emblems of urban landscapes of Tehran in modern literature and novels of Iran and then it presents memorable places in four periods: Qajar dynasty period and beginning years of Shah Reza Pahlavi dynasty. Pahlavi dynasty. The period near Islamic Revelation of Iran and about 10 years after that. The years after imposed war till to days. In some occasions we cant separate these periods from each other since a contiguous story is discussed.